Milestones in Skin Carcinogenesis: The Biology of Multistage Carcinogenesis
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Multistage models of carcinogenesis.
The simple multistage model of carcinogenesis is outlined. It provides a satisfactory explanation of the power law for the age incidence of many forms of epithelial carcinoma, for the effects in human populations of changing exposures to supposed carcinogenic agents, and for many of the observed effects of applied carcinogens in animal experiments. In particular, the evidence on the effects of ...
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The multistage model is tested on several human and animal data sets. It fits in some cases but not in others. With human lung cancer data, there is a drop in risk for ex-smokers quite different from the predictions of the model. The results are not conclusive but are compatible with the view that the multistage model provides a family of curves that often fit cancer incidence data, but may not...
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The multistage carcinogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma is a process of clonal evolution within Barrett's esophagus neoplasms. The initiating event for Barrett's esophagus is unknown, but is associated with chronic gastric reflux which probably also promotes progression. Inactivation of both alleles of CDKN2A appear to be early events causing clonal expansion. Clones with TP53 inactivated ex...
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Sodium saccharin has been shown to be a promoting substance for urinary bladder carcinogenesis in the rat following initiation with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT), or N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. It has been shown to have many of the properties of promoting substances in other animal models, such as the mouse skin; it lacks mutagenic activ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Investigative Dermatology
سال: 2014
ISSN: 0022-202X
DOI: 10.1038/skinbio.2014.2